LA PERCEPTION DU MARIAGE INTER-CULTUREL DANS LA SYMBOLIQUE DU RÊVE AMÉRICAIN : UNE LECTURE DE MARTIN EDEN DE JACK LONDON

Résumé de l'article

Martin Eden est le neuvième roman de Jack London. Cet article vise à décrypter les nombreux signes relatifs à la démocratisation du mariage dans une Amérique patriarcale marquée du sceau du matérialisme et la discrimination sociale. Il démontre comment les préjugés sociaux, entre la classe bourgeoise et la classe prolétaire, rendent le mariage interculturel quasiment impossible. Il interprète les fondements psychiques des actions des personnages qui œuvrent à bannir les exclusions sociales dans les rapports interpersonnels. En outre, dans cet univers romanesque londonien, malgré l’aspect toujours grandissime des clivages sociaux, les idéaux autour du mariage semblent se cristalliser autour de la quête de liberté et de l’autonomie financière. La sociocritique et la psychanalyse sont les théories qui nous permettent de présenter la démocratisation du mariage comme une dynamique nouvelle du rêve américain.

LA RECONSTRUCTION DU GENRE DANS SECOND CLASS CITIZEN DE BUCHI EMECHETA : DU PARADOXE DE LA CITOYENNETE AU PLAYDOYER POUR L’INCLUSION DE LA FEMME

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Cette réflexion sur le roman Second Class Citizen de Buchi Emecheta porte sur la reconstruction du genre dans un contexte de discrimination de la femme. Le récit incline à nous interroger sur le paradoxe de la citoyenneté. En adoptant une approche féministe, l’article vise à relever les divers mécanismes mis en place par la femme pour lutter contre le système patriarcal. À cet effet, notre analyse décrit les obstacles érigés contre la quête identitaire de la femme. La réflexion aboutit à l’idée que la construction d’une nouvelle identité pour la femme est le socle de son autonomisation.

TRAVEL-ISM AS AN ESSENCE OF IMPERIALISM IN OCTAVIA ESTELLE BUTLER’S KINDRED (1979 [2003]), WILD SEED (1980) AND DAWN (1987)

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This essay studies Octavia Estelle Butler’s Kindred (1979 [2003]), Wild Seed (1980) and Dawn (1987) with a postcolonial perspective. It questions the meaning of the narratives of travel through time and space in Butler’s science fiction novels. On the one hand, the postcolonial reading of these novels has helped discovering the moral duty in traveling to the past, its humanitarian and didactic function. On the other hand, it has demonstrated that these same narratives reinforce an imperialistic discourse in favor of cultural imperialism by the redemptive mission assigned to the travelers and their ability to change the social order. Finally, these narratives have been portrayed as a means of political domination for they present the power of imperialist states that conquer, change the mode of leadership in the conquered territories and deprived the native people of all kind of power.

THE NEW NEGRO IN TONI MORRISON’S GOD HELP THE CHILD : BLACK FEMALE EXCEPTIONALISM IN BUSINESS

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This analysis of Toni Morrison's latest novel, God Help the Child describes the features of the Black female protagonist who overcomes obstacles from her birth to adulthood. These obstacles are linked to her skin color, which is considered ugly and unworthy. However, she manages to embody the values of the New Negro, whose talents are manifested particularly through her skills in entrepreneurship. Resorting to the concept of the New Negro, this contribution aims to show that success in business helps the Black female character to gain her status as a citizen. The result of this reflection is that the novel God Help the Child exemplifies the concept of the New Negro, which implies defining the way Black people can acquire their own identity and citizenship in a world dominated by white ideology.

SATIRE AND SOCIAL VISION IN OSCAR WILDE’S DRAMA

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PLOTTING NARRATIVES WITH TEXTUAL SEMANTICS: AN ONOMASTIC SURVEY OF AFRICAN AND HISPANIC LITERATURES

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Les noms propres des personnages contribuent à l'intrigue et aux sens narratifs des récits africains et latino-américains. Cette étude illustre les différentes manières dont la sémantique des noms se reflète dans la performance, la perception et les actions des personnages, et confère à ces derniers une approche culturelle complémentaire de l'interprétation narrative et de sa fonction idéologique. Grâce à l'onomastique, qui étudie l'origine socioculturelle et le sens des noms, l'étude conclut qu'à partir des noms des personnages, un récit offre des exemples permettant d'expliquer les figures de style et leurs contributions dynamiques contextuelles à la fluidité narrative et à la création de sens.

ENVISIONING THE FEMINIST FUTURE: A STUDY OF WOMEN’S ALTRUISTIC RESISTANCE IN CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S THE DREAM COUNT

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This study examines the notion of altruistic resistance in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s The Dream Count through the lenses of feminist theory and semiotics. In a context characterized by sociopolitical instability and gender-based marginalization, fostering and sustaining communal empathy emerges as a critical imperative. Adichie’s narrative promotes collective empowerment via the deliberate actions and symbolic expressions of her protagonists. Through perseverance, moral integrity, and reciprocal care, certain characters navigate oppressive structures while articulating a vision for inclusive societal transformation. Their endeavors culminate in the conceptualization of a redefined social order predicated on equity and shared purpose. However, this vision is undermined by the fragmentation of solidarity due to individuals motivated by ambition and exclusionary practices, resulting in conflict, alienation, and disenchantment. Consequently, it is vital to abandon isolating ambitions in favor of embracing interdependence, recognizing that individual flourishing is intrinsically linked to collective liberation.

SONGS OF STEEL OR SONGS OF GUNS: A NARRATIVE ILLUSTRATION OF VIOLENCE BY ANDREW EKWURU

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Civil Wars is considered one of the major obstacles linked to the development issues in postcolonial Africa. They erode human dignity and destroy infrastructural facilities. The Nigeria-Biafra war serves as a perfect illustration of this problem which has been a focus of some Nigerian writers namely Andrew Ekwuru. Thus, this study investigates how Andrew Ekwuru depicts the Nigeria-Biafra War and the violence inflicted on Biafran civilians in Songs of Steel. In the light of the theories of narratology and psychoanalysis, the study first describes acts of brutality perpetrated by Soldiers. It further explored the traumatic events experienced by characters. The study concludes that the NigerianBiafra War had a devastating effect on the individual and communal psyche of people, and therefore presents it as a futility.

RECONCEPTUALIZING SLAVERY IN CHARLES JOHNSON’S OXHERDING TALE

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This paper aims at showing how the incorporation of Buddhist thoughts and Western philosophical ideas in Oxherding Tale offer a new understanding of slavery and freedom. The results of my investigation reveal that the individuals are entrapped in mental and spiritual bondage by their ego, desire, and societal expectations. Moreover, the outcomes of my research indicate that self-determination is achieved by transcending spiritual and mental forms of bondage. It implies embracing a lifestyle and spiritual discipline based on self-denial, asceticism, and non- action.

RETHINKING RACIAL STRUGGLE IN POST-RACIAL AMERICA: AN ANALYSIS OF PAUL BEATTY’S THE SELLOUT

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La question du racisme dans une Amérique dite post-raciale est de plus en plus récurrente dans la littérature Afro-Américaine. En témoigne The Sellout, roman publié en 2015 par Paul Beatty, un romancier noir Américain. En déconstruisant la notion de post-racialité qui prévaut actuellement aux Etats Unis d’Amérique, le présent article montre comment Paul Beatty repense la lutte contre le racisme antinoir dans un environnement où le racisme opère non seulement de façon subtile, mais continue d’impacter le quotidien des communautés noires Américains.

WAR WITHOUT WEAPONS: POLEMOLOGY, SATIRE, AND POST-IMPERIAL IDENTITY IN DAPHNE DU MAURIER’S RULE BRITANNIA (1972)

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Daphne du Maurier’s novel Rule Britannia (1972) imagines Britain at war without weapons. The invasion comes quietly, through speeches, barricades, and habits of obedience, and what follows is a conflict fought in language, ritual, and memory rather than on the battlefield. The present paper reads du Maurier’s novel as a polemology of the everyday, tracing how sovereignty disintegrates in kitchens and gardens, in the play of children and the idioms of command. Du Maurier’s satire of the AngloAmerican “alliance” turns post-imperial anxiety into farce, revealing dependence masked as consent. Read alongside Orwell, Golding, and Barker, the novel belongs to a tradition that locates the ruins of the Empire in ordinary life. Grounded in Gilroy’s postcolonial melancholia and Malabou’s destructive plasticity, it argues that irony itself becomes the sharpest weapon of resistance and survival.

THE RISE OF ANTI-FRENCH SENTIMENT IN THE SAHEL: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF POLARIZATION IN THE SPEECHES OF THE JUNTA LEADERS IN MALI AND BURKINA FASO

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Anti-French feelings have been growing in some Sahelian countries in recent years. Between 2021 and 2022 the Sahel region, especially countries like Mali and Burkina Faso have been the epicentre of unprecedented anti-French protests. As Assimi Goïta and Ibrahim Traoré of Burkina Faso seized control in these nations by ousting democratic governments, there have been exceptional shifts in the leaders’ statements regarding France’s involvement in the Sahel. This change is characterized by polarized or divisive political narratives which amplify antiFrench sentiments in Mali and Burkina Faso. This qualitative study delves into the dynamics of polarization in the discourses of Malian interim President Assimi Goïta and President Ibrahim Traoré of Burkina Faso. In other words, this analysis explores polarization strategies used by both leaders to demonize France’s policy in Africa. Drawing on Van Dijk’s (2006) Critical Discourse Analysis framework, this study reveals the occurrence of four main tactics of ideological-based polarization in Assimi Goïta and Ibrahim Traoré’s discourses which are: lexicalization, actor description, self-national glorification and victimization. The findings show that lexicalisation and actor description strategies are frequently employed by Assimi Goïta and Ibrahim Traoré to present ‘Themselves’ as good and ‘Others’ as bad.

HEDGING AND GENDER: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN LEYMAH GBOWEE’S MIGHTY BE OUR POWERS

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This paper focuses on the way gender influences speech pragmatics. It analyses the use of hedging as a politeness strategy in Mighty Be Our Powers. Using P. Brown and S. Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory and J. Searle’s (1979) Speech Act Theory to explore the function of hedging in interactions, namely in both personal relationships and public discourse, the study reveals through Gbowee’s narrative that patterns of linguistic mitigation align with traditional gendered communication norms. Thus, Leymah GBOWEE demonstrates a strategic shift towards assertiveness as she transitions from a victim of war to a leader in peace activism. Through a descriptive qualitative analysis, the study therefore concludes that hedging is a gendered strategy that is strategically used to negotiate authority in male-dominated spaces, reduce conflict and maintain solidarity in collective struggles. Hedging in this endeavor, stands as tool for empowerment and persuasion that transforms linguistic politeness into a resource for peacebuilding and leadership.

LE DOUBLE HERITAGE SYNCHRONE D’OUMAR SANKHARE DANS LA NUIT ET LE JOUR

Résumé de l'article

La présente étude part du constat que le discours littéraire africain en français a longtemps été perçu comme une manifestation du conflit des imaginaires. Or, en appliquant l’analyse du discours, comme point de vue spécifique sur le discours, à l’œuvre d’Omar Sankharé, on aboutit à un double héritage du classicisme français et des richesses de la langue maternelle. Ecriture et oraliture se complètent pour produire un texte suffisamment riche. L’objectif de cette étude est de démontrer que la parfaite maîtrise de la langue française par l’auteur, à travers sa double agrégation des lettres classiques et de grammaire, n’empêche guère l’intégration des éléments scripturaires africains dans son texte en français. Dans ce contexte d’hybridation, H. Bhabha (1994) apparaît comme le théoricien idéal pour rendre compte de ce qu’il témoigne à travers sa théorie de la postcoloniale. E.W. Said (1993) renseigne aussi cette théorie postcoloniale en mettant en lumière l’impact des influences. Comme résultat de cette étude, Sankharé réalise un contexte d’enrichissement mutuel et déconstruit les règles du classicisme et les hégémonies socioculturelles.